Rupees Coin
Currency Trading As An Economic Activity
Each country issued their own banknotes as currency. Different names were given to them such as Franc, Dinar, Krone, Lira, Peso, Mark, Rial, Pound, Rupee and Ruble. Some countries gave their currencies the same name as, for example, dollar by Canada, the United States, Malaysia, Australia, Zimbabwe and Singapore. A common currency has been adopted by some as Euro for the European Union. International trade in goods and services required the trade to be transacted with their respective currencies. The exchange rates between the currencies of the trading countries required to be fixed. Usually the respective central banks and the governments fixed the rate. The Banks as well as the governments facilitated trade between the respective countries by buying and selling the currency of the other country.
When exports increases, the demand for the currency of the exporting country increases. The value of its currency appreciated. Currency has a floating rate with the demand and supply determining the exchange rate of the currency. With increasing trade and trade in currency, a currency market emerged. Currency itself soon began to be extensively traded as a commodity. Speculators such as money managers and currency traders moved in and trading in currencies by speculators increased. It did not take much time for speculative money trading becoming the major activity in the currency or forex market. Speculation in currencies soon began to exert a major role in determining the value of the currency and its exchange rate.
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By mid 13h century China introduced paper money making it the first country to do so. It was Sweden that first introduced paper money in Europe as early as in 1661. Sweden had a copper based coin system which turned out to be rather too cumbersome when goods of high value had to be traded. It was not manageable when the transactions were bigger. Paper currency was light in weight and rather easily carried around. Initially the government backed the paper currency as it did not have intrinsic value as did coins, by backing the paper money with gold standard. This remained so till about 1990. But soon enough currencies were de-linked from the gold standard. With this, currency soon adopted the floating rate with the market determining its value.
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