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Byzantine Coins
Byzantine currency, money used in the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the West, consisted of mainly two types of coins: the gold solidus and a variety of clearly valued bronze coins.
Early Byzantine coins continue the late Roman conventions: on the obverse the head of the Emperor, now full face rather than in profile, and on the reverse, usually a Christian symbol such as the cross, or a Victory or an angel (the two tending to merge into one another). The gold coins of Justinian II departed from these stable coventions by putting a bust of Christ on the obverse, and a half or full-length portrait of the Emperor on the reverse. These innovations incidentally had the effect of leading the Islamic Caliph Abd al-Malik, who had previously copied Byzantine styles but replacing Christian symbols with Islamic equivalents, finally to develop a distinctive Islamic style, with only lettering on both sides. This was then used on nearly all Islamic coinage until the modern period.
The type of Justinian II was revived after the end of Iconoclasm, and with variations remained the norm until the end of the Empire.
In the 10th century so-called “anonymous folles” were struck instead of the earlier coins depicting the emperor. The anonymous folles featured the bust of Jesus on the obverse and the inscription “XRISTUS/bASILEU/bASILE”, which translates to “Christ, King of Kings”
Byzantine coins followed, and took to the furthest extreme, the tendency of precious metal coinage to get thinner and wider as time goes on. Late Byzantine gold coins become thin wafers that could be bent by hand.
The Byzantine coinage had a prestiege that lasted until near the end of the Empire. Initially Islamic coinage used derivative designs, before breaking away on their own path. European rulers, once they once again started issuing their own coins, tended to follow a simplified version of Byzantine patterns, with full face ruler portraits on the obverse.
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Super Mario Galaxy – Purple Coins in the Desert
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Davisons Nile Medal, obverse Photo Mugs Obverse On a rock near the sea Peace is standing holding in her right an olive branch and supporting with her left hand a medallion of Nelson, an anchor behind her. Legend REAR-ADMIRAL LORD NELSON OF THE NILE. Inscription around the portrait EUROPES HOPE AND BRITAINS GLORY. Below C.H.K. (C.H. Kuchler)….. |
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Davisons Nile Medal, reverse Photo Mugs Obverse On a rock near the sea Peace is standing holding in her right an olive branch and supporting with her left hand a medallion of Nelson, an anchor behind her. Legend REAR-ADMIRAL LORD NELSON OF THE NILE. Inscription around the portrait EUROPES HOPE AND BRITAINS GLORY. Below C.H.K. (C.H. Kuchler)….. |
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Medal commemorating the raid on Zeebrugge, 1918; obverse Photo Mugs Medal commemorating the raid on Zeebrugge, 1918. Near rectangular plaque. Obverse Victory rising from a cloud, St George slaying the dragon in the background. Reverse inscription….. |
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